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The AI Act and High-Risk AI Systems
High-Risk AI Systems (Chapter III of the AI Act) With the entry into force of the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) on 1 August 2024, the European Union sought to add a further element to the creation of a secure digital environment. This objective is, after all, one of the [...]
Beyond the Algorithmic Verdict: Agency Returns to the User in Interactive XAI
In 2016, Cathy O’Neil published the essay Weapons of Math Destruction, whose title might have seemed provocative: the author intended to denounce how the use of algorithms risks amplifying social inequalities, acting as a weapon that targets the most vulnerable groups. Ten years later, this title describes our society more deeply [...]
Deepfakes: What They Are and How They Are Used
Nowadays, most topics related to artificial intelligence are highly relevant and widely debated. One of the most controversial and feared is undoubtedly that of deepfakes, tools that immediately and tangibly demonstrate the power of new technologies, as well as how easily we can be deceived by them. First of all, [...]
L is for LLM
A Language Model is an artificial intelligence system designed to analyze an input expressed in natural language and, by recognizing the statistical patterns of language through training on large quantities of text, generate an output consistent with the input it has received, producing new text in natural language. Without a [...]
I is for Interpretability
The interpretability of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system is the property that allows the system’s actions and algorithmic mechanisms to be studied, understood, and analyzed by humans. In practical terms, interpretability requires the model under consideration to be transparent. Indeed, in an interpretable system, users must be able to clearly [...]
H is for Hidden Layers
In the field of Artificial Intelligence, Hidden Layers represent the core of artificial neural networks. Positioned between the initial input and the final output, they process the information received as input in order to produce the output. The presence of these layers is precisely what defines Deep Learning, a subcategory [...]
G is for GenAI
The expression Generative AI, often abbreviated as GenAI, defines a category of systems designed not only to analyze pre-existing data, but also to produce new digital artifacts such as texts, images, or audio tracks. Unlike traditional AI, which has historically been distinguished by its ability to classify information or formulate [...]
F is for Fairness
Fairness, in its literal sense, describes acting or deciding in such a way that a just proportion is respected. The ethical principle connected to it establishes, with possible variations, that similar situations should be judged and dealt with in a similar way. Some versions of this principle, concerning political and [...]
E is for Ethics
Traditionally, ethics is discussed with reference to human behavior. In this sense, ethics is the philosophical discipline concerned with what is meant when one says that a person acts well, and with the reasons why one says that a person has acted well. Most of the ethical problems associated with [...]
D is for Determinism (and Non-Determinism)
Computer programs are all alike: they take an input and return a result. Each deterministic program calculates the result in its own way, but it always associates the same result with the same input. Non-deterministic programs are upside down: given the same input, different executions of the same program can [...]
C is for Chatbot
A chatbot is a computer program capable of interacting with a user through a textual or voice interface. The program imitates the verbal behavior that a human being might display during a similar conversation. The idea that a computer program can simulate one side of a conversation in this way [...]
B is for Bias
A bias, in general, is a tendency or inclination in behavior or judgment. In this general sense, bias is fundamentally connected with discrimination and, as regards human beings, can be understood as arising from opinions, more or less conscious, that influence the way a subject behaves or judges in relation [...]
A is for Algorithm
If you want to know what “algorithm” means in everyday usage, feel free to go to the end of this entry and read only the last two paragraphs. If, instead, you want to see how deep the rabbit hole goes, keep reading from here. The term “algorithm” comes from the [...]
